Friday, 8 March 2013

Great Expectations - Miss Havisham


There have been many different takes and variations throughout different adaptations of Great Expectations, in creating Miss Havisham.  I wanted to take a look a lots of different sources and put together my own interpretation of the interesting and unique character.



She is one of the most strange and grotesque characters in the story, the "wicked witch" of the fairy tale. In adopting Estella, she seeks to protect the girl from the hurts she herself has suffered. That intention, however, degrades into her training Estella to love no one and exact revenge from all men. Miss Havisham was proud, beautiful, passionate, and headstrong, things Compeyson used against her. Deeply hurt, reeling from the loss of control she felt by the betrayal, and determined to regain both control and self-image, Miss Havisham chooses her lifestyle. She wields her money as her weapon of power and trains her daughter to succeed where she has failed. But it backfires. Estella ends up not only unable to love men, but unable to love Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham's creation is her downfall, and Pip is her mirror. When she sees the depth of Pip's feelings for Estella, Miss Havisham sees herself with Compeyson and remembers what she once was. Her redemption is in seeing her sins and showing her remorse. She does the only thing she can do — takes responsibility for her actions. She asks Pip's forgiveness, helps Herbert Pocket, and leaves a fortune to Herbert's father.


Charles Dickens describes his version in a very particular way,  I think I used some of his ideas with my own interpretation:

Although she has often been portrayed in film versions as very elderly, Dickens's own notes indicate that she is only in her mid-fifties. However, it is also indicated that her long life away from the sunlight has in itself aged her, and she is said to look like a cross between a waxwork and a skeleton, with moving eyes.


Great Expectations


(This is an interpretation and summary taken from an internet source, to outline the Charles Dickens novel: Great Expectations.)

A six-year-old boy named Pip lives on the English marshes with his sister and his sister’s husband, Joe. His sister is mean but his brother-in-law Joe is pretty much the best thing that’s happened to Pip.


One Christmas Eve, Pip meets a scary, escaped convict in a churchyard. Pip steals food from his bossy sister (Mrs. Joe Gargery) so that the convict won’t starve (and also so that the convict won’t rip his guts out). Soon after, Pip gets asked to play at Miss Havisham’s. Miss Havisham is a rich old lady who lives in a castle-mansion that is covered in vines, moss, and overgrown green things. Long ago she was jilted at the altar and since that very day, she’s never taken her wedding dress off, nor has she changed a single thing about her castle. As you might expect, there are lots of bugs and things creeping around.

Pip meets Estella, Miss Havisham’s adopted child. Estella is cold, snobby, and regal, but man is she pretty. She doesn’t really talk to Pip, but Pip soon realizes that he’s been asked to serve as Estella’s playmate.

Pip continues to go to Miss Havisham’s and continues to be snubbed by Estella. She grows on him. He develops a little crush. This crush turns into a big crush, and that big crush turns into full-blown, all-consuming L-O-V-E. We love what we can’t have, and there is no way in h-e-double-hockey sticks that Pip, the orphan, can ever have a chance with Estella, the adopted child of the richest lady in town.

When Pip is old enough (early teens), he begins an apprenticeship at his brother-in-law's smithy, thanks to Ms. Havisham’s financial support. He hates his new job, wanting more than anything to become a gentleman, mostly because he dreams of marrying Estella.

Then, one day, Pip comes into fortune by means of a mysterious and undisclosed benefactor (you’ll never guess who it is!), says goodbye to his family, and says goodbye to Miss Havisham. He leaves for London to become a gentleman. This ends the first part of Pip’s expectations.

London is pretty sweet at first, despite all of the grime. Mr. Jaggers, Pip’s caretaker, is one of the biggest and baddest lawyers in town. Criminals and their families hang out around Jaggers’ office just to be near his greatness. Pip also gets a new BFF named Herbert Pocket – he is Miss Havisham’s cousin’s son. Herbert shows Pip around town and helps him learn how to be a gentleman, which is –in short – really hard.


Pip's life in London is busy, full of dinner parties in castles with moats, encounters with strange housekeepers, trips to the theater, etc. He spends way too much money, so his debts just keep piling up. Occasionally, he takes a break from his London life and goes back home to visit Miss Havisham. He also returns home to attend his sister’s funeral. Back at home, though, Pip is too ashamed of his brother-in-law Joe to want to hang out with him.

Meanwhile, Estella is off touring the world and becoming a lady. She’s even more gorgeous than ever, and she moves to the London area so that she can be closer to eligible bachelors.

On his 21st birthday, Jaggers gives Pip a 500-pound annual allowance (which would be a lot of money back then) and tells Pip that his benefactor will soon reveal himself. Pip decides to use this new money to help Herbert secure a job.

Though he continues to long for Estella, she continues to deny Pip lovin’. Then, one night on his 23rd birthday when it’s dark and stormy outside and Pip is thinking about Estella, a stranger arrives. This stranger is Pip’s benefactor. This stranger is…the CONVICT that Pip helped when he was only six years old! This ends the second part of Pip’s expectations.

The convict’s name is Abel Magwitch (but he goes by Provis in town). The courts had exiled him to New South Wales a long time ago under strict orders never, ever to return to England. Ruh-roh. Pip doesn’t feel so good about the whole benefactor thing anymore, and now he’s harboring a convict. Double ruh-roh.

After much hemming and hawing, Pip decides that he has to get Magwitch out of the country. They devise a plan to sneak onto a ship bound for Germany. Pip feels really uneasy all the time and his stomach is butterfly-city. He has the sneaky suspicion that he’s being followed or watched.

Just as they get ready to make their great escape, Estella goes and marries Pip’s nemesis and Pip is almost thrown into a limekiln by a hometown bully who claims to know about Magwitch. As you might have guessed, Pip and Magwitch's great escape isn't successful. They've been ratted out by Magwitch’s nemesis, who is coincidentally, Miss Havisham’s ex-lover. Magwitch is thrown in jail, where he dies soon after being sentenced to the death penalty. Right before he dies, though, Pip tells Magwitch that Estella is his daughter. And that he's in love with Estella.



Pip gets really sick, and Joe comes to the rescue. For a while, it’s like old times when Pip and Joe would hang out. As soon as Pip recovers, however, Joe leaves him in the middle of the night, having paid off all of Pip’s debts.

A few days later, Pip returns home, intending to ask for Joe’s forgiveness and to propose marriage to his childhood friend, Biddy. Upon arriving home, however, he finds that Joe and Biddy have just married. He begs for their forgiveness at having been such a butthead, and then he moves to Cairo.

Pip works in Cairo at Herbert’s shipping company for eleven years and eventually becomes a partner in the company. He sends money back to Joe and Biddy. Eventually, Pip returns and meets Joe and Biddy’s son, Pip. Pip is totally enamored of baby Pip.

What follows are two different endings:

The original ending sees Pip hanging out in London one day a few years later with baby Pip. He runs into Estella, and he can see that time has changed her and that she has suffered much. He's heard that her husband was abusive, but that when he died, she married a poor doctor. 

In the rewritten ending, Pip visit Miss Havisham's house once more. There, he sees Estella walking the grounds. She is single, beautiful, and regretful of having thrown Pip’s love away. Pip knows that they will be together forevermore. The end.


Prostitution in the Victorian era


There were many prostitutes during the Victorian era.  Most were lower-class women, with the exception of mistresses kept by upper-class men.  According to Victorian standards, respectable women did not consider sexual intercourse pleasurable.  It was their duty to be intimate with this husbands and affairs were seen as disgraceful.  Men on the other hand enjoyed prostitutes as a lot of the time they did not enjoy their wives.  Prostitutes did not necessarily "enjoy" their sexual encounters with men, as Victorians tended to believe.  Prostitution was simply their means of survival.  Lower-class women did not become prostitutes because they wanted to but a lot of the time they were left with no other choice.  There were very few options that allowed a women to earn her own income, but once entered into the profession, they were not allowed to enter back into "respectable" society.


A new type of "slavery" had arisen during the Victorian era: Prostitution.  Respectable men and women would lure young women, usually from a lower-class background, away from their homes and sell them into prostitution.  These women rarely got the chance to go back to their families, not because they weren't free to go, but because they procurators and procuresses never allowed them a moment alone in public.  


Make-up was only really used in the Victorian era by prostitutes.  More respectable women saw wearing make-up as a far too flirtatious product used to lure men.  They would concentrate more on their extravagant hairstyles and hats, leaving the "rouge" and other forms of make-up to the world of prostitution.  

Anne Hathaway "Les Miserables" a Victorian ideal of a prostitute








Thursday, 7 March 2013

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens



Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. John Dickens was a clerk in the Naval Pay Office. He had a poor head for finances, and in 1824 found himself imprisoned for debt. His wife and children, with the exception of Charles, who was put to work at Warren's Blacking Factory, joined him in the Marshalsea Prison. When the family finances were put at least partly to rights and his father was released, the 12 year old Dickens, already scarred psychologically by the experience, was further wounded by his mother's insistence that he continue to work at the factory. His father, however, rescued him from that fate, and between 1824 and 1827 Dickens was a day pupil at a school in London. At fifteen, he found employment as an office boy at an attorney's, while he studied shorthand at night. His brief stint at the Blacking factory haunted him all of his life — he spoke of it only to his wife and to his closest friend, John Forster — but the dark secret became a source both of creative energy and of the preoccupation with the themes of alienation and betrayal which would emerge, most notably, in David Copperfield and in Great expectations.

Charles Dickens

Dickens sprang to fame with his 1836 publication of "The Pickwick papers".  He went on to write numerous pieces and became one of the most famous writers of the Victorian era.  His work is still re-produced to this day and many theatre and film adaptations are still brought to life.



Victorian Theatres



Throughout the Victorian era is the time where literature and theatre flourished.  During the reign of Queen Victoria a lot of new theatres were built.  Theatre began to become popular with the masses, one of the main reasons for this was due to the improvements in the transportation systems.  The streets started to become safer of a night so this gave theatres better opening times so they could attract more people.  All of this led to a greater profit within the industry.  Theatres such as The Royalty, The Gaeity, The Charing Cross, The Globe and The Queen's were all remodelled in the Victorian era.

Oscar Wilde

Oscar Wilde is one of the most famous playwrights of the Victorian era.  "The Picture of Dorian Gray" was Wilde's first successful novel.  He went on to write "Lady Windermere's Fan" which appeared at St James's theatre.  He also produced many other famous plays such as The importance of being earnest.  Other famous playwrights of the era include George Bernard Shaw and Dion Boucicault.  




Victorian Arts & Literature


Victorian literature was produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). Often considered a bridge between the romantic-era works of the previous century and what would become the literature of the newly industrialised world of the twentieth century, Victorian literature is characterised by a strong sense of morality, and it frequently champions the downtrodden. It is also often equated with prudishness and oppression, and while this is sometimes true, Victorian literature is also known for its attempts to combine imagination and emotion with the neoclassical ideal of the accessibility of art for the common person. Some of the best-known authors of this period are Charlotte Brontë (Jane Eyre), Emily Bronte (Wuthering Heights), and Charles Dickens (Great Expectations).



Essential Facts

  1. One of the enduring authors of the Victorian era is George Eliot (a pseudonym for Mary Ann Evans). Virginia Woolf called Eliot’s novel Middlemarch “one of the few English novels written for grown-up people.”
  2. Charles Dickens was a self-made man. He published his first novel, The Pickwick Papers, in 1836. It made him an overnight success, and he was popular all his life. Dickens is still the most widely read novelist of the Victorian era.
  3. All three Bronte sisters—Charlotte, Emily, and Anne—were writers. For a number of years, however, they all published under the male pen names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell.
  4. Literature for children, often with a strong moralistic tone, became wildly popular during the Victorian era. Authors like Lewis Carrol (Alice in Wonderland) and Rudyard Kipling (The Jungle Book) were especially favored.
  5. Edward Bulwer-Lytton is widely regard as the worst writer of the Victorians (although he was immensely popular in his day). Bulwer-Lytton is responsible for this infamous sentence: “it was a dark and stormy night.”
Charles Dickens

Emily Bronte

Charlotte Bronte

Oscar Wilde

Lewis Carroll

Rudyard Kipling



Brusing and Beating Make-up

It is important when trying to achieve a realistic bruise or graze that you research some real-life incidents to re-create the correct effect.  Bruising varies depending on impact and the stage of the bruise, it is vital to get the right colour etc for the right bruise.

A newer bruise
Newer bruises tend to be more red and swollen as impact has only just occurred, the capillaries have been damaged but have not had time to completely die.

Day or two old bruise
As bruises start to mature they begin to form a range of colours.  As pictured above, colours vary from blue, purple, red, green, yellow.... it is key to study a bruise before yo re-inact with make-up.

A more mature bruise

As a bruise becomes more mature the yellow and green tones really start to convey within the area.

Grazing

A graze is more scratched and red and usually contains blood as the skin has been broken.  Again it is vital to understand what caused the wound and where it is to acheive the correct result.

Bruising and Grazing practices







Pictures of black eyes and a grazed face above, slightly unfortunate i think!!!






The above pictures are a bruised cheek, more matured.




The above pictures show a black eye and grazed face at an earlier stage.